First example: anecdote. The example suggests a narration, particularly through the words "outcome; left alone; etc". The situation also shows that either what preceeds or follows is a experience, that is an action.
Second opinion: expert opinion. This kind of supporting evidence is usually given by professionals, in this case a doctor. The word 'helpful' suggests it is an opinion rather than a fact.
Third example: fact. The use of the present simple tense and the fact that the information is specific shows that it is a fact.
Fourth example: emotional appeal. This kind of supporting evidence uses a variety of words full of emotion. In this example, emotional words include "pledge; striving; and vulnerable". The example appeals to emotions, which is the purpose of this type of evidence.
