Answer:
C: behavioral science
Explanation:
The behavioral science approach focuses on the psychological and sociological processes that influence motivational behavior and employee performance.
Behavioral science distance from the classical approach by focusing on workers in their jobs instead of the jobs of workers. It received the contribution of the human relations movement regarding motivation, satisfaction, and relationship with others in the workplace.
Some of the most important elements of this school of thought are:
- Individuals react differently to the same situation, they differ in terms of perceptions, values, and attitudes.
- People have their own needs and goals. The organization must find the way to fusion organizational goals and human needs.
- Informal leadership, rather than the formal authority of the supervisor, is more important for setting and enforcing group standards of performance. A democratic leadership, where subordinates are encouraged to participate.
- By nature, most people enjoy work and are motivated by self-control and self-development. It is for the managers to identify and provide necessary conditions for the human potential to be used in the service of the organization. The manager’s attitude toward human behavior should be positive.
