Explanation:
For ATP production in the electron transport chain.
Hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton and 1 electron while being devoid of neutrons. When they lose their electron they form an ion or H+, a particle carrying a unit of positive charge. At the mitochondrial membrane, the outer membrane freely allows for the passage of H+ while the inner membrane does not. Mitochondria require H+ concentration gradients to produce ATP; i.e. high concentrations of of H+ in the intermembrane space and low H+ within the mitochondrial matrix.
The H+ being pumped outside the mitochondrial matrix leads to increased H+ within the intermembrane space, due to its high permeability. This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP and inorganic phosphate, Pi.
Further Explanation:
During respiration in the mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation occurs. This describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water.
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