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Analyze how two court cases—Engel v. Vitale (1962) and West Virginia Board of Education V. Barnette (1943)—confirmed the First Amendment right to freedom of religion.
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Answer:

Engel v. Vitale (1962) was a case in which New York State's Board of Regents attempted to force children to pray in public schools. The Supreme Court ruled that this law violated the First Amendment. The ruling affirmed that, in the United States, church and state (religion and government) were separate. If a child attended a public school, he/she should be able to express his/her own religious beliefs in any way he/she sees fit. The case of West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) involved forced participation in the Pledge of Allegiance. Two students claimed they could not participate in the pledge based on religious beliefs and sued the state board. Again, the Supreme Court agreed that the students should be allowed to excuse themselves from any ceremonies that offended their religious beliefs.

Explanation:

Answer: As In the Court noted, That “the mandatory flag salute and pledge requires the affirmation of a belief and an attitude of the mind.” After One year before Barnette was decided, That Congress, too, had considered the propriety of requiring the flag salute and enacted a law officially recognizing the Pledge of Allegiance and also they made the salute and statement of the pledge voluntary. A congressional action did not determine the outcome of Barnette but instead emphasized Congress’s view that compelling the flag salute was not mandatory but the most effective way to develop more and enhance patriotism.

  • An argument was held on March 11, '1943' the ruling was issued on June 14.  The majority of an opinion was written by Justice Robert H. Jackson. In of case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 14, In 1943, those compelling children in public schools to salute the U.S. In flag was an unconstitutional violation of their freedom of speech and religion.
  • When the earlier decision had focused primarily on claims of the freedom of religion protections the U.S. Constitution’s.
  • In the First Amendment, that the Barnette ruling invoked both freedom of religion and an individual’s freedom of speech and that that freedom of speech included the right and they did not to be forced to speak against one’s you will.

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