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The Kingdom of Aksum, also known as the Kingdom of Axum or the Aksumite Empire, was an ancient kingdom that controlled Eritrea, Northern Ethiopia, parts of Eastern Sudan and Southern Yemen at its peak. It was centralized in Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia, and its capital was Aksum or Axum.
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The kingdom of Aksum began around 300 B.C. and lasted until the ninth century. Aksumite kings traced their ancestors to Kings David and Solomon, who reigned over Israel. At one time, Aksum was considered one of the four greatest civilizations of the world, along with China, Rome, and Persia.
(Aksum was located in what is now Ethiopia. For a time, Aksum expanded to include parts of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and southern Egypt.)
Aksum was a major trading nation with Greece, Rome, Persia, and India. Because it controlled the Red Sea, Aksum dominated the trade market in this region of the world. Aksum exported ivory, gold, emeralds, and tortoise shells in exchange for silk and spices.
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