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Darwin’s Finches: Darwin observed that beak shape varies among finch species. He postulated that the beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches to acquire different food sources. This illustration shows the beak shapes for four species of ground finch: 1. Geospiza magnirostris (the large ground finch), 2. G. fortis (the medium ground finch), 3. G. parvula (the small tree finch), and 4. Certhidea olivacea (the green-warbler finch) the Grants measured beak sizes in the much-reduced population, they found that the average bill size was larger. This was clear evidence for natural selection of bill size caused by the availability of seeds. The Grants had studied the inheritance of bill sizes and knew that the surviving large-billed birds would tend to produce offspring with larger bills, so the selection would lead to evolution of bill size. Subsequent studies by the Grants have demonstrated selection on and evolution of bill size in this species in response to other changing conditions on the island. The evolution has occurred both to larger bills, as in this case, and to smaller bills when large seeds became rare.
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All of them evolved from one rooted species, which colonized the islands only a few million years ago. This process, whereby species evolve rapidly to exploit empty eco-space, is known as adaptive radiation.

What is evidence of common ancestry and how do they explain evolution?

Homologous structures provide proof for a common origin, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations. Alikenesses and differences among biological molecules can be used to determine species' relatedness.

Thus, adaptive radiation is one of the reasons.

To learn more about adaptive radiation click here:

https://brainly.com/question/1349313

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