Answer:
A sample size of 2401 is needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a sample with a number n of people surveyed with a probability of a success of [tex]\pi[/tex], and a confidence level of [tex]1-\alpha[/tex], we have the following confidence interval of proportions.
[tex]\pi \pm z\sqrt{\frac{\pi(1-\pi)}{n}}[/tex]
In which
z is the z-score that has a p-value of [tex]1 - \frac{\alpha}{2}[/tex].
The margin of error is given by:
[tex]M = z\sqrt{\frac{\pi(1-\pi)}{n}}[/tex]
95% confidence level
So [tex]\alpha = 0.05[/tex], z is the value of Z that has a p-value of [tex]1 - \frac{0.05}{2} = 0.975[/tex], so [tex]Z = 1.96[/tex].
What sample size would be needed to construct a margin of error of 2% with 95% confidence?
This is M for which n = 0.02.
Supposing we have no estimate for the true proportion, we use [tex]\pi = 0.5[/tex].
[tex]M = z\sqrt{\frac{\pi(1-\pi)}{n}}[/tex]
[tex]0.02 = 1.96\sqrt{\frac{0.5*0.5}{n}}[/tex]
[tex]0.02\sqrt{n} = 1.96*0.5[/tex]
[tex]\sqrt{n} = \frac{1.96*0.5}{0.02}[/tex]
[tex](\sqrt{n})^2 = (\frac{1.96*0.5}{0.02})^2[/tex]
[tex]n = 2401[/tex]
A sample size of 2401 is needed.
