The coldest time of day in Mumbai is 5 hours after midnight.
Since the average temperature t hours after midnight in Mumbai, India, is given by:
T(t)=24.5-5.5sin((2pi(t+1))/24)
We have that
T(t) = 24.5 - 5.5sin((2π(t+1))/24)
The coldest time of day is when T(t) is minimum.
T(t) is minimum when 5.5sin((2π(t+1))/24) is minimum where t is the coldest time of day at minimum temperature, T(t).
Since for a sine function, -1 ≤ sinФ ≤ 1, the minimum value of sinФ = -1.
So, T(t) = 24.5 - 5.5sin((2π(t+1))/24) is minimum when
5.5sin((2π(t+1))/24) is minimum.
Also, -5.5sin((2π(t+1))/24) = 5.5 × -1 at minimum temperature T(t)
So, 5.5 × -1 = 5.5 × -sin((2π(t+1))/24)
So, -sin((2π(t+1))/24) = -1
sin((2π(t+1))/24) = 1
Taking inverse sine of both sides, we have
sin⁻¹sin((2π(t+1))/24) = sin⁻¹(1)
((2π(t+1))/24) = π/2
Multiplying both sides by 24, we have
(2π(t+1))/24 × 24 = π/2 × 24
(2π(t+1)) = 12π
Dividing both sides by 2π, we have
2π(t+1)/2π = 12π/2π
t + 1 = 6
t = 6 - 1
t = 5 hours
So, the coldest time of day in Mumbai is 5 hours after midnight.
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