E-coli bacteria which most useful in the routine monitoring of microbial pollution are gram negative rods and this is common indicator organism of water contamination.
It is important to identify enteric bacteria which is one of the major causes of diarrhea disease is bacteria and that detection of pathogenic bacteria is a global key to the prevention and identification of food borne diseases and enteric infections like diarrhea.
The extent of water  contamination can be measured using these indicator organisms. This fecal coli-form group has been used as the most common indicator of general wastewater contamination because they are abundant and easy to identify.
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