The Ion Channels of membrane facilitates unequal distribution of polar and charged molecules on two different sides of membrane.
The traveling wave of electrical excitation, known as an action potential/nerve impulse, can carry a message without attenuation from one end of a neuron to the other as speeds as great 100m/sec or more.
The voltage is an electrical potential energy that is caused by the separation of opposite charges, in the case of across membrane.
It is so because a membrane potential arises when, there is a difference in electrical charge on both the sides of a membrane, due to a slight excess in positive ions over negative ones on one side and a slight deficit on the other.
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