No- the plaque assay only measures viable virus particles, while the electron microscope cannot distinguish between defective and viable virus.
Plaque assays are used to count infectious particles. A virus particle that contains insufficient nucleic acid to provide for production of all essential viral components, thus unless in certain conditions, the infection is not caused and is called defective virus.
One example of viable virus is coronavirus. The survival time depends on a number of factors, including the type of surface, temperature, relative humidity and specific strain of the virus
Electron microscope is used for viral diagnosis and it does not require organism-specific reagents for recognizing the pathogenic agent.
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