Greenhouse gases are one of the causes of global warming. It functions primarily as a Causality, in which the contribution of Greenhouse gases in effect leads to global warming, by trapping heat generated by the sun within Earth's atmosphere. Now, there are multitude of reasons why the globe may be warming up, which include natural processes, such as volcano eruptions, or heat from the sun, as well as from human activity, such as the usage of fossil fuels, consumption of manufactured goods, as well as cutting forestry.
To answer the second part of your question, photosynthesis can be used to counteract the effect of global warming, as it allows for plants to intake larger amounts of carbon dioxide (in which they use to make food. Remember the Photosynthesis cycle, in which sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide is used to make oxygen and sugar).
There are two ways in which we can address the issue of "global warming". Firstly, it would be to take on global warming. This can come in the form of regressing usage of fossil fuels/fossil-fuel based products, and to convert to usage of renewable resources. However, it is important to note that the amount of energy output when comparing acquisition and usage of the resources typically put nonrenewable resources' power output considerably higher in comparison to a renewable resource.
Secondly, and the more easier way, is to adapt to the problems that "global warming" may cause. Humanity, after all, is known for her ability to adapt to new environments, and adaptation to warmer over all climates may not be as hard as it may sound like. Technological approvements can also stave off the effects, and if not, solve the cause, of any problems has arisen specifically from the general "global warming".
What is important to note is that the Earth has had periods of warming and cooling, and this event may simply be part of the Earth's eventual rise of temperature.
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