"The split arose from a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad after his death in AD 632. Some followers believed his successor should be chosen by tribal consensus, and they named one of Muahmmad's inner circle as the first caliph, or spiritual leader. But others thought the successor should come directly form the Prophet's family, namely his counsin and son in-law Ali..."

The situation described in this passage led to the...

A) pogroms in Russia
B) fall of Constantinople
C) division of Sunnis and Shiites
D) tensions between Protestants and Catholics

The splitting of the Prophet Muhammad followers after his death about the who will succeed him, whether the first caliph, or spiritual leader or his family can be termed as C: division of Sunnis and Shiites

Division of Sunnis and Shiites can be regarded as the term that describes how the followers of Prophet Muhammad were divided about who will succeed him.

After his death AD 632, there was a believe by some of followers that the person that will succeed him should be one of tribal consensus while some believe it should be first caliph, or spiritual leader.

Some believe that son in-law Ali is the correct person.

Therefore, option C is correct.

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