When a person gets a splinter in their hand, several physiological responses occur as part of the body's immune and inflammatory processes to address the injury. Here's more information on the options provided:
1. Leukocytes adhere to the endothelium: This is a crucial step in the inflammatory response. Leukocytes (white blood cells) adhere to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels near the site of injury, allowing them to migrate out of the bloodstream and into the surrounding tissue to combat infection and promote healing.
2. Chemotaxis of WBCs: Chemotaxis refers to the movement of white blood cells (WBCs) towards the site of injury in response to chemical signals released by damaged tissue. This directional movement helps WBCs locate and eliminate pathogens or foreign materials, such as the splinter.
3. Cytokines are released from damaged tissue: Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate inflammation and immune responses. When tissue is damaged, cytokines are released locally, triggering various immune cells to migrate to the site of injury and initiate the inflammatory response.
4. Diapedesis: Diapedesis, also known as leukocyte extravasation, is the process by which white blood cells exit the bloodstream and migrate towards the site of injury or infection through the vessel wall. This allows the immune cells to reach the affected tissue and participate in the immune response.
Given the information provided, all of the options listed (1-4) are likely to occur in response to getting a splinter in your hand. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above, they all occur."
