The two economic indicators of women empowerment are human capitalization gaps and market inefficiencies. According to a study from Sub-Saharan African and East Asian countries authored by Klasen (1999) and Randriamaro (2006), gender inequality accounts a difference of 15 to 20 percent in cross-national economic growth performance. In order to improve national and international economic efficiency, governments/states must ensure that women have equal access to financial and developmental opportunities so as to promote empowerment and at the same time hasten the promotion of gender equality.
The two out of three political indicators of women empowerment are representation and electoral system. Women's participation in governance poses a critical role since it would affect the decision-making process especially in assessing empowerment, gender equality and other developmental goals.
