You said "A rocket's acceleration is 6.0 m/s2.".
That just means that its speed increases by 6 m/s every second.
Whenever you look at it, its speed is 6 m/s faster than it was
one second earlier.
If it starts out with zero speed, then its speed is 6 m/s after 1 second,
12 m/s after 2 seconds, 18 m/s after 3 seconds . . . etc.
How long does it take to reach 42 m/s ?
Well, how many times does it have to go 6 m/s FASTER
in order to build up to 42 m/s ?
That's just (42/6) = 7 times.
Writing it correctly, with the units and everything, it looks like this:
(42 m/s) / (6 m/s²)
= (42/6) (m/s) / (m/s²)
= (42/6) (m/s · s²/m)
= 7 seconds
