There is two categories within depth perception. Binocular cues, which are based on three-dimensional sensorial information processed by both eyes and monocular cues, which are based on two-dimensional sensorial information processed by one single eye.
Each category has its group of cues. The scenario depicted in the question is an example of a Motion Parallax Cue, which fits in the monocular cue category. The Motion Parallax provides depth (distance from the eye) information about the seen objects while in motion. In this case, objects which are closer move faster, however, the smooth blanket of yellow is a product of far objects being apparently stationary.
