Respuesta :
The Holy Land was Jerusalem.
The Crusades were a series of 8 wars fought for dominance over Jerusalem.
Causes:
1. The Byzantine Emperor needed help against invaders.
2. Retake Jerusalem.
3. Conquer more land.
Answer:
What region is known as the “Holy Land” to the monotheistic religions?
Answer: Jerusalem and the Holy Land, or Palestine, have a complicated history. The Holy Land sits at the intersection of three continents, near the birthplace of some of the world's oldest civilizations. It also borders the Mediterranean Sea, a major artery of conquest and trade.
What were the Crusades? (Include your definition)
Answer: In response to Pope Urban II’s call to arms, a wave of religious enthusiasm swept across Europe. European lords and knights, however, did not move as quickly as others. In 1096, a French monk named Peter the Hermit pulled together a disorganized army of peasants and soldiers with his fiery sermons. Together, they plunged eastward toward Constantinople in what came to be known as the People’s Crusade. Peter stayed behind in Constantinople as his army crossed over into Anatolia. Unfortunately, the People’s Crusade did not turn out well. Nearly all of the crusaders were killed by Turkish soldiers.
What were the 3 main causes of the Crusades?
Answer:
1- The first Crusaders, led by Godfrey of Bouillon and other French lords, marched from Constantinople through lands held by the Seljuk Turks to Antioch. Along the way, they battled isolated Turkic forces, and Godfrey’s brother Baldwin stopped to set up the first Crusader State at Edessa. After a long siege, the Crusaders captured Antioch, as well. Disagreements over the rule of Antioch slowed their progress and split their forces, however, and it was not until August 1098 that the Crusaders reached Jerusalem. The Crusaders laid siege to Jerusalem for more than a month before its keepers surrendered. On Godfrey’s death, Baldwin left Edessa and became the first king of the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem. Although many stayed behind to defend European rule of the Holy Land, most of the Crusaders who had survived the expedition returned home.
2- In the years following the First Crusade, European lords worked to secure their rule over the Crusader States. When Muslim forces regrouped and attacked Edessa, the Teutonic Knights, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Knights Templar rode forth under the banner of the Second Crusade. They did not go alone. This time, the fervor of the Crusades reached to the highest levels of Europe. Two monarchs, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany, pledged themselves to the cause and led armies to the Holy Land. However, the Crusaders turned their sights on Damascus, rather than Edessa, and their poorly organized attack resulted in failure. Again, many Crusaders returned home. Those who remained were focused on defending the Kingdom of Jerusalem, while Muslim forces became more powerful and encircled them.
3- In the mid-12th century, the Turkic ruler Saladin rose to lead the Seljuks and succeeded in uniting the fragmented Muslim armies of Southwest Asia and North Africa. To Saladin, the Christian armies were the infidels that had to be evicted. When Saladin’s forces took Jerusalem, the call went out across Europe to launch another crusade. Three kings came forward—Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Phillip II of France, and King Richard I of England, later known as Richard the Lionheart. However, this crusade achieved little. Frederick Barbarossa died along the way, and Phillip returned to Europe after the capture of Acre in 1191. Only Richard the Lionheart remained to lead the Christian armies. Richard led many campaigns against Jerusalem. However, he failed to retake the city. In 1192, Richard and Saladin reached a truce. According to this peace treaty, Saladin’s Muslim empire kept control of Jerusalem but granted Christians the right to visit the city and their shrines. Saladin and Richard the Lionheart never met face to face. However, their deeds inspired numerous legends.
Explanation:
