Julian is a nonrestrictive appositive. An appositive is a noun that renames another noun.
It may be omitted without changing the basic meaning of the sentence. We can say "My youngest brother is already taller than I am." The meaning of the sentence will be the same because it will still be clear "who is already taller than I am."
Julian adds additional information, which is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. That is why it is a nonrestrictive appositive and is set off by commas.
The phrase in this sentence is nonrestrictive, or nonessential to the sentence as there is no requirement of the name Julian.
Phrase refers to the words or the group of words which gives the some meaning of the sentence but It is not a complete sentence. Phrases can be long or short. It does not include the pairing of the subject and verb.
In the above sentence, The word mentioned here is youngest brother which means there can only be one youngest brother of the speaker which implies that there is no need to mention the name Julian in the sentence.
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