If [tex]f(x)=4x-3[/tex]:
[tex]\displaystyle\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{(4(x+\Delta x)-3)-(4x-3)}{\Delta x}=\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{4\Delta x}{\Delta x}=4[/tex]
If [tex]f(x)=4x^{-3}[/tex]:
[tex]\displaystyle\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{\frac4{(x+\Delta x)^3}-\frac4{x^3}}{\Delta x}=\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{\frac{4x^3-4(x+\Delta x)^3}{x^3(x+\Delta x)^3}}{\Delta x}[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle=\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{4x^3-4(x^3+3x^2\Delta x+3x(\Delta x)^2+(\Delta x)^3)}{x^3\Delta x(x+\Delta x)^3}[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle=\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{-12x^2\Delta x-12x(\Delta x)^2-4(\Delta x)^3}{x^3\Delta x(x+\Delta x)^3}=-\frac{12}{x^4}[/tex]
