Answer:
Well, since your question is actually a number of questions (all related to one topic, of course), I'll try to give a short a concise answer to each one of them.
1) How did the ideas of romanticism contrast with Enlighenment ideas?
The first and most important thing to understand about Romanticism is that it began as a response Enlightenment; it opposed to the enllighted argument saying that reason should be the center of human creation. Therefore, art, in its various forms, was impacted and transformed by this notion.
2) How were the ideas of romanticim reflected in literature?
Emotions and feelings, specilly passionate ones, started being the center of novelistic and poetic works. Frankeistein or the Human Prometheus and The Scarlett Letter are good examples of literature pieces where narrative is focused on the inner perspective of the main character; completely different from a dettacherd point of view, feature quite traceable in the Enlighted novels.
3) How was romanticism reflected in art?
Here, I asume, by art you mean visual arts.
If such, it is fair to say that romantic painting implied a transformation in the topics and themes, rather that in the ways and hows. It started portraiting heroes and epic moments in History, it embeded the ideas of nationalism.
4) How did romanticism affect the music of the time?
The ideal for the Romantic composer was to reflect his own feelings and emotions in his compositions in order to instill in the listener certain preconceived moods. Othe features were: freedom of form and design, song-like melodies (lyrical), as well as many chromatic harmonies and discords.
