Many different study designs are used in epidemiological research. State which study design is being used in each of the scenarios described below. Your choices are as follows:

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

CASE-CONTROL STUDY

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

ECOLOGICAL STUDY

a. A hospital-based study of antidepressant medication use during pregnancy and the risk of cleft lip in the offspring. Investigators are currently enrolling two groups of women: those who just delivered an infant with a cleft lip and a sample of women who just delivered an infant without any birth defects. The presence or absence of birth defects is based on the newborn physical exam. All mothers are being interviewed to determine their use of antidepressant medications during the pregnancy that just ended.

TYPE OF STUDY:

In case a. the study design that is used is the Retrospective Cohort Study. In a Retrospective Cohort Study, a group of individuals who were exposed to a given factor is compared to another group of individuals who were not exposed to that given factor to study the factor's incidence in a disease. In case a. women who had just delivered an infant with a cleft lip and women who had just delivered an infant without any birth defects. These two groups were interviewed to determine if they took antidepressant medication during pregnancy. The study measured the effects of antidepressant medication on their offsprings. The effect of antidepressant medication during pregnancy and the presence or absence of cleft lip in the newborn.