Explanation:
D: Genes usually have two alleles and carry instructions for proteins that express traits. Alleles are alternative forms of the instructions.
The nucleus is a large membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic information, DNA, in the cell. Sequences of DNA make up genes which can have different forms called alleles and comprise the genotype. DNA is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins. These proteins, when expressed, are referred to as an organism's phenotype.
Further Explanation:
All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. Chromosomes within the nucleus is unwound, unzipped and read by enzymes in a complex series of steps known as transcription. The message on DNA, called genes is copied by RNA polymerase, to form mRNA complementary sequence to that of the DNA strand. These are then translated into proteins in ribosomes.
Proteins are structural support molecules comprised of long chains of amino acids joined via peptide (CONH) bonds; these are 20 specific units that are arranged into several macromolecules. Amino acids are absorbed through digestion and are incorporated into the body’s cells to make up organs muscles signal molecules and an alternative energy source.
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