A dairy scientist is testing a new feed additive. She chooses 13 cows at random from a large population of cows. She randomly assigns nold = 8 to get the old diet, and nnew = 5 to get the new diet including the additive. The cows are housed in 13 separated pens and each gets separate feed, with or without additive as appropriate. After two weeks, she picks a day and milks each cow using standard procedures and records the milk produced in pounds. The data are below:Old Diet: 43, 51, 44, 47, 38, 46, 40, 35New Diet: 47, 75, 85, 100, 58Let µnew and µold be the population mean milk productions for the new and old diets, respectively. She wishes to test: H0 : µnew vs µold = 0 vs. HA : µnew vs µold 6= 0, using α = 0.05.(a) Are the two populations paired or independent?

The objective of this experiment is to test if a new feed + additive generates a better production of milk in cows. For this, the owner selects 13 cows and randomly separates them into two groups.

Group 1 has 8 cows that receive the new feed + additive.

Group 2 has 5 cows that were fed with the old feed.

After two weeks of feeding the animals with the different feeds, the production of milk of each group was recorded so that they can be compared.

Since you have two separate groups to wich at random two different treatments were applied and later the variable was measured, these two samples/groups are independent and the proper test to compare the population means of the milk production in both groups is a pooled t.

I hope this helps!