Answer: option D) the presence or absence of carbon
Explanation:
Several factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction, they include:
1) temperature - some reactions increase with rise in temperature e.g Endothermic reaction
2) concentration - this increases the number of reactive particles, thus increasing reaction rate
3) catalyst - this lowers activation energy, thus bringing reaction to quick completion
However, the presence or absence of Carbon DOES NOT influence reaction rates as CARBON is neither a catalyst nor a chemically reactive specie.
The speed rate of chemical reactions is not influenced by the presence of absence of carbon.
The concentration of reactants affects the rate of reactions such that the more the concentration of these reactants, the faster the rate of reactions and vice versa.
Temperature also affects the rate of reactions such that there is a direct relationship between temperature and reaction rates, other things being equal.
Catalysts speed up the rate of reactions by providing an alternately shorter route for reactants to get to products. it lowers the activation energy of the reactants.
More on factors that affect the rate of reactions can be found here; https://brainly.com/question/10577061?referrer=searchResults
