1)
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau all were
A) advocated American independence.
B) French Enlightenment philosophers.
C) proponents of a constitutional monarchy in France.
D) influences on the ideals that shaped American government.
2)
Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of
A) natural rights.
B) popular sovereignty.
C) separation and balance of governmental power.
D) government was created by man for his own purposes.
3)
Which statement BEST describes the views of Voltaire, the outspoken French philosopher of the Enlightenment?
A) Religion should be banned by government.
B) It is important to appear religious even when that is not the case.
C) Religious toleration should be encouraged by all forms of government.
D) Governments should establish an official religion in order to avoid internal conflict.
4)
In the early 17th century, Galileo Galilei was convicted of heresy for claiming that Earth revolved around the Sun. This conviction was an example of
A) the usage of the scientific method.
B) Galileo's hatred for the Catholic Church.
C) early conflicts between religion and science.
D) the importance of the Protestant Reformation.
5)
Copernicus' heliocentric view of the universe was different from popular scientific views of the 16th century because
A) most people thought there was no outside universe.
B) humans were thought to be at the mercy of the gods.
C) the moon was thought to be the center of the universe, rather the sun.
D) the earth was thought to be the center of the universe, rather than the sun.
6)
Man being born with a title to perfect freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of that law in others.
-John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690
John Locke's writing reflects the ideals of the Enlightenment in that
A) men are created with equal rights and responsibilities under the law of nature.
B) civil society is not possible when men work to protect their property.
C) there is no private property, and therefore no justice or injustice.
D) government must be rule by a democracy, rather than by a monarch.
7)
Sir Isaac Newton revolutionized the way people understood the universe in the seventeenth century when he proved that the
A) earth revolves around the sun.
B) planets revolve around the sun.
C) planets are held in place by an invisible shield.
D) sun's gravity keeps the planets within their orbits.
8)
Which concept was being challenged during the English Civil War?
A) Freedom of Religion
B) Divine Right of Kings
C) the rule of succession
D) power of the government over the church
9)
The Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from which philosophical movement?
A) Realism
B) Humanism
C) Enlightenment
D) Existentialism
10)
The Preamble to the United States Constitution
"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
What Enlightenment idea is reflected in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution?
A) All men and women are created equal.
B) The government's power comes from the people.
C) A system of checks and balances is necessary.
D) Power should be divided among three branches.
