The vacuum layer is the better thermal insulator
Explanation:
Depending on how they conduct heat, materials can be classified into two types:
- Thermal conductos: these are materials that are able to transfer heat efficiently. Examples of thermal conductors are metals in general: in fact, when you heat one side of a metal bar, the other end becomes hot very fast; this means that the heat has been transferred very quickly across the metal rod
- Thermal insulators: these are materials that do not transfer heat well. In general, gases or rarefied substances are better insulators, because the particles are more spread apart, and therefore the heat (which is transferred by conduction through collisions between molecules) is transferred less efficiently, due to the large distance between the particles.
In this sense, vacuum is the best possible insulator. This is because vacuum contains no particles at all, so there cannot be transfer of heat by conduction (because there cannot be collisions between molecules), and therefore, vacuum is the best thermal insulator.
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