Respuesta :
Answer:
Molecular biology aims to study the processes that are carried out in living beings from a molecular point of view
Explanation:
-Genoma: A set of genes contained in chromosomes, can be interpreted as the totality of the genetic material that an organism or a species has
-Chromosome: Each of the highly organized structures, formed by DNA and proteins, and contains most of the genetic information of a living being
-Gen: Molecular unit of genetic inheritance, where genetic information is stored and can be transmitted to the offspring
- Replication fork: Joint between two strands of DNA when it is self-replicating. Each of the DNA strands serve as a template for the synthesis of the new DNA
-Okazaki fragment: Short strands of DNA newly synthesized in the discontinuous strand. They are synthesized in the 5 '→ 3' direction from RNA primers that are later eliminated
-Genotype: Genetic information that an organism has, in the form of DNA
-Fenotype: Expression of the genotype according to a specific environment. They include both physical and behavioral traits
-Codon: Three nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA corresponding to a specific parameter
-Anticodon: Three nucleotide sequence complementary to a sequence of three other nucleotides found in messenger RNA
-Promotor: DNA section that controls the initiation of RNA transcription
-Intrón: Region of the DNA that is part of the primary transcription of RNA and are removed from the mature transcript, before its translation
-Exon: Portion of gene encoding amino acids
-The modified plasmid size from 1 to more than 1000 kilograms of bases
-The size of the bacterial genome ranges from 0.58 megabases to 10 Mb in several species of cyanobacteria, with the exception of Bacillus megaterium, which has a 30 Mb genome
-The size of the eukaryotic genome is very variable, for example, the smallest sequenced is that of Guillardia theta, of only 0.55 Mb, yeast (1.2 Mb) to amoeba (686,000 Mb).
-In the DNA, the purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G). The pyrimidines are thymine (T) and cytosine (C). In the case of RNA, the purines are A and G and the pyrimidines are C and U (uracil)
-Transcription involves the copy of DNA in RNA. This is the process of gene expression, in which genes are converted into proteins. DNA replication is the process of copying DNA into a cell so that there are two equal copies. As a result, two double chain propellers are obtained, two exact copies. Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule into an amino acid sequence during protein synthesis.
-Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds that bind the nitrogen bases, causing other enzymes to copy the DNA sequence. The primase synthesizes small fragments of RNA on the lagging chain in DNA replication, of about 10 nucleotides, called primers. DNA polymerase III performs the replicative process, its function is the synthesis of DNA. It has review activity, 3’-5 ’exonuclease. DNA polymerase I has three activities. It has polymerase activity, synthesis in the 5’-3 ’direction. A 3’5 ’exonuclease activity, erroneous nucleotide removal, and a 5’-3’ exonuclease activity, which from a nick resynthesizes a portion of DNA by removing the existing one. This enzyme does not carry out the replication process. RNA polymerase is capable of using ribonucleotides to synthesize RNA from a DNA sequence that serves as a template. Ligase catalyzes the binding of two molecules from the formation of covalent bonds accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP
