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"Consider the following argument: "All gold stocks are going up, Newmont Mining is a gold stock; therefore, Newmont Mining is going up." The statement, "all gold stocks are going up", can be said to be___________A. A premise and a categorical statement.B. A premise and a hypothetical statementC. The conclusion and a categorical statementD. The conclusion and a hypothetical statementE. None of the above

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Edufirst

Answer:

  • Option A. A premise and a categorical statement.

Explanation:

A syllogism is a logical argument based on some premises that yield a conclusion.

When the premises are true, a valid syllogism permits to deduce a true conclusion.

The parts of the given argument or syllogism are:

"All gold stocks are going up" ↔ premise (this is a major premise)

" Newmont Mining is a gold stock" ↔ premise (this is a minor premise)

"Therefore, Newmont Mining is going up." ↔ conclusion: as it is necessarily deduced from the two premises this is a true conclusion.

A premise that that states  that all or some of the members of one category are included in another is named a categorical statement. In the case that the premise includes all the members, it is a categorical universal affirmative statement.

The four kinds of categorical staments are:

  • universal affirmative (include all the members of a category)
  • universal negative (exclude all the members of a category
  • particular affirmative ( include some members)
  • particular negative (exclude some members)

Thus, "all gold stocks are going up" is a universal affirmative categorical statement, and the correct choice is:

  • Option A. A premise and a categorical statement.

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