Answer:
Victor Vroom
Explanation:
Vroom believed that an individual’s motivation was a combination of these three forces V,I and E. For an individual to be motivated they needed to believe that firstly, they could achieve a particular outcome (expectancy), and secondly, that by achieving the outcome (instrumentality) it would result in a positive valency (and not too many negative valencies).
An example of this might be the student who thinks that getting a good job is important (positively valent) and that working hard to pass their exams will help them to get a good job (instrumentality) and that they also believe that with hard work they are capable of achieving good grades (expectancy).
