Considering the definition of dipole-dipole forces, for SO₂ the dipole-dipole interactions will be important.
Van der Waals forces are weak attractions that hold electrically neutral molecules together. At some point these molecules present an induced dipole, that is, the molecule acquires a partially positive and a partially negative charge momentarily, causing them to attract each other.
The dipole-dipole forces are Van der Waals forces, which are defined as forces of attraction between polar molecules. These molecules attract when the positive end of one of them is close to the negative of the other.
So. first you have to knoow if the molecules are polar or nonpolar:
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In oxygen O₂, each oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons towards itself with the same intensity but in opposite directions, so the attractive forces are canceled and the molecule is nonpolar.
- Ozone O₃ is a resonant molecule, where its geometry is triangular with an approximate angle of 117º because the pair of unshared electrons in the central oxygen occupies more space than the shared pairs, so that the angle closes a bit. Because of its triangular geometry it would be a polar molecule, but since all three atoms are the same, the molecule is nonpolar.
- CO₂ is a linear and nonpolar molecule, despite having polar bonds. This is because the molecule has a linear and symmetric geometry, causing the sum of the polar bonds to cancel because they go in the opposite direction.
- SO₂ is polar. Oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Therefore, the oxygen-sulfur bonds are slightly polar because the oxygen exerts more control over the electrons in the covalent bond. In addition, SO2 forms an angular structure with O's and has a pair of free electrons. Therefore, the molecule is not completely symmetric. The side that has both oxygen atoms pointing towards it is partially negative, and the side that has one sulfur atom has a partial positive charge, which makes the molecule have a polarity.
As the dipole-dipole forces are defined as forces of attraction between polar molecules, for SO₂ the dipole-dipole interactions will be important.
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