The correct answer D.
Homeostasis is mostly affected by the removal of the cell membrane. The cell membrane is also called cytoplasmic membrane, or plasma membrane. The cell membrane is referred to as the biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment.
It consists of lipid bilayer which has embedded proteins. The work of cell membrane is to protect a cell from its surroundings. It also controls the movement of substances out and in of organelles and cells.
It is permeable to organic molecules and ions. Homeostasis will be most affected by the removal of cell membrane because cell membrane being the membrane which protects the interior of cells from its outside will not allow the tendency of organisms to maintain and regulate their internal environment when in a stable state.
Stable states condition is when variables like fluid balance, body temperature are being kept within certain pre-set limits.
