Answer:
Identification of an organism or cell requires to see if there is a double membrane-bound organelle like the nucleus, mitochondria, and other present or not if the nucleus is present it is a eukaryotic organism and if not present then it must be a prokaryotic cell, either bacterium or archaean.
If it is not a eukaryote there are two ways to find out if it is a bacterium or archaeon one:
Peptidoglycan (protein and sugars) is the component that makes the cell wall of the bacteria cell whereas archaeal cell walls are made up of polysaccharides. Lysis of the cell wall components to other molecules and the sample run through HPLC for finding the basic components of the cell wall.
The second method is simple to observe the habitat of the sample, as archaeons found in a harsh environment whereas bacterium can be found anywhere especially damp or aquatic environment.
