The kind of bond which exists between chlorine and most other elements is that whereby chlorine and the combining element shares outer electron to achieve a stable octet state. Hence, this kind of bond is called a covalent bond.
Chlorine combines with hydrogen and calcium to form hydrogen chloride and calcium chloride respectively.
Hydrogen has one valence electron while chlorine has 7 valence electron with each needing one electron to attain a stable state. The two elements combine and share one of their electrons to achieve a stable state forming [tex]HCl [/tex]
Similarly, Calcium combine with two atoms of chlorine, with calcium having 2 valence electrons. Each of calcium's valence electrons combine with one atom of chlorine each which has 7 electrons to attain a stable state, hence, forming [tex] CaCl_{2} [/tex]
Therefore, when compounds form by forming a shared pair of electron, a covalent bond exists between the combining atoms.
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