Many signaling pathways have multiple transducer proteins, for example in a multi-enzyme phosphorylation cascade - one of the purposes for this is: _________.
a. to prevent damage to the receptor protein
b. to amplify the signal
c. all choices are correct
d. to avoid gene duplication
e. to conserve ATP and/or GTP

A multi-enzyme phosphorylation cascade is a series of signaling events where one enzyme phosphorylates to another, then this last enzyme acts to phosphorylate another protein and so successively, thereby triggering a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of hundreds or even thousands of proteins. A multi-enzyme phosphorylation cascade is known to increase the number of activated (phosphorylated) proteins at each step of the signaling cascade. Phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification capable of activating proteins during long periods, thereby a phosphorylation cascade also enables the activation of multiple proteins before these proteins become inactive again.

annyksl annyksl · Answer 2 · 2021-10-28T22:10:27+02:00

One of the purposes of a multi-enzyme phosphorylation cascade is signal amplification, as shown in option B.

We can arrive at this answer because:

A multi-enzyme phosphorylation cascade allows the emission of a sequence of signals, which occur simultaneously.
These signals are created from a series of enzymes, each of which emits a signal by phosphorylating a protein.
This all promotes thousands of phosphorylations to be promoted at the same time, all giving off signals.
This simultaneous emission of signals extends the range of these signals and allows the phosphorylated proteins to emit more signals, further expanding their reception.

In this case, we can state that the multi-enzyme phosphorylation cascade has the function of amplifying an emitted signal.

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