The HeLa cancer call genome is vastly different from Henrietta’s normal genome. A gene transfer from the human papillomavirus 18 virus (HPV18) to human cervical cells created the original HeLa strain of cancer cells.

a) Describe the type of evidence scientists would need to justify this claim.

b) From this discovery, an HPV vaccination was developed. Without HeLa cells, this would not have been possible. Yet, these cells were taken for research without Mrs. Lack’s knowledge. Evaluate the pros and cons of designating biopsy cells as "free cells," cells that can be used without required patient consent.

Contras: 1. patient's family may have inherited the same genetic defect from their common ancestors, thereby this information might be used for malicious people

2. Ethical issues

Explanation:

By using genome sequencing technologies it is possible to determine the nucleotide sequence of the genome (DNA) and their transcriptomic products (i.e., RNAs, especially mRNAs) obtained from a particular cell type. Therefore, these technologies can be used to compare the genome of cancer cells and Henrietta’s normal genome.

HeLa cells have been very useful in pharmaceutical research. These cells have been used in cancer research, in the development of vaccines (e.g., polio vaccine and HPV vaccine), Parkinson's Disease, etc. Moreover, the use of cells without required patient consent may affect the patient’s family by exhibiting information about the genetic conditions of multiple generations of this family, which might be considered unethical and lead to problems associated with the malicious use of this information.

AbsorbingMan AbsorbingMan · Answer 2 · 2022-01-07T14:23:57+01:00

HeLa Cell

It is the first human immortal cell line.

a). The scientist took a tissue sample from a patient named Henrietta Lacks. She was a cervical cancer patient.

Now when the scientist observed the cell sample in the laboratory, they saw that cell was growing indefinitely, i.e. 'immortal'.

So, they named it the HeLa Cell.

Later, the scientist found many copies of HPV-18 (Human Pappiloma Virus-18) in these HeLa cells which is a strain of HPV.

These strains has caused cervical cancer in Henrietta Lacks.

b). The Pros

It could not have claimed if any medical negligence would have occurred.
We can overcome the false perception of the patient.
The research could be progressed without any interruption from the patient.

The Cons

If the consent of the patient was not taken then there would have been legal issues as well as ethical issues.
Also, the law orders to stop the research without patient's consent.
Without the right patent, the commercialization of the cells would begin.

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