The answer is:
Favor programs with immediate benefits
Programs with immediate benefits would directly felt by the people at the time the leaders are still in power. This would give them the public support that they need to be re-elected on the next period.
implement policies that favor a small, powerful group
Small and powerful group would most likely to provide these political leaders with financial incentives that they need for their next campaign
provide policies whose costs outweigh the benefits
Policies that cost outweigh the benefits tend to give direct rewards for the voters. Even though this might be bad for the country in the long run. This would help the political leaders stay in power.
