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(b) Explain how the addition of a phosphate group to certain amino acids of Brec likely affects the tertiary structure and function of Brec. Explain how

the addition of a small RNA could prevent the activation of kinase D?

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Answer:

Protein phosphorylation can activate/deactivate protein function, while small RNAs can be used for repressing translation of mRNAs through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway

Explanation:

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that acts to activate, inhibit, or reversibly switch on/off protein function. Protein phosphorylation confers a reversible and versatile process that cells use to transmit signals and respond to environmental stimuli. This PTM is well known to modify the tertiary structure of the protein and thus activate/inhibit protein functions such as, for example, signaling pathways associated with protein interactions. In consequence, protein phosphorylation can be used by a cell to regulate Brec activity. On the other hand, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as, for example, microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), are regulatory molecules that bind by complementary base pairing to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in order to repress translation and/or trigger mRNA degradation through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The RNAi pathway is widely used in molecular biology to silence genes of interest (for example, in this case, the gene that encodes for the kinase D protein).

1. Adding the phosphate group to the amino acid chains is known as phosphorylation. This attachment affects the tertiary arrangement and function of Brec.

  • Amino acids join together to form the protein that needs to be stimulated and deactivated for proper functioning.

  • Protein phosphorylation is very crucial in post-translation modification.

  • For protein function, it acts as an activator, inhibitor, reversibly on and offs the switch.

  • Phosphorylation assures a reversible process to the cell to transmit signals for the cell functioning.

  • Therefore, Brec activity can be controlled by the phosphorylation of proteins.

2. Small RNA's are RNA fragments which is around 150 nucleotide in length.

  • Functionally significant small RNA's such as siRNAs, microRNAs scaRNAs and many other acts as regulatory molecules which target and adheres to the mRNA transcripts.

  • This binding inhibits the translation process or degrades the mRNA by activating the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.

  • RNAi pathway is used to suppress the activation of the kinase D.

To learn more about phosphorylation and small RNA follow the given link below:

https://brainly.com/question/83713

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