Answer:
Octet Rule is defined as the chemical rule in which atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that it completes its valence shell or tend to achieve the configuration of a noble gas.
Explanation:
The lithium is chemical element, which has atomic number 3. It has one valence electron in its outermost shell, therefore, it will require 7 more electrons to complete its octet.
The element nitrogen has the atomic number 7, such that it has 5 valence electrons in its outer most shell. Therefore, it will require 3 more electrons to complete its octet.
The noble gas Argon have complete octet, such that it does not require any electrons to complete its octet. the gas is inert and non-reactive.
The chemical element Boron has atomic number 5, such that it has three electrons in its outer most shell. Therefore, it will require 5 more electrons to complete its octet.
Hence, the correct option is Nitrogen.
To answer this question, we will have to make reference to the octet rule in chemistry whereby atoms lose, gain or even share electrons in order to achieve the configuration of a noble gas nearest to it on the periodic table.
From the octet rule, the first shell of elements can accommodate a maximum of two electrons, while the second and third can accommodate a maximum of 8 each while the fourth can accommodate a maximum of 2.
The element that would have a full outer shell of electrons if it gained three electrons is NITROGEN.
A. The element Lithium from the periodic table has atomic number of 3.
This means that the first shell can take a maximum of 2 thereby leaving only one for the second and outermost shell. For it to become a noble gas, it will need to gain 7 electrons in its second shell to achieve the maximum of 8
B. The element nitrogen from the periodic table has an atomic number of 7. This means that after the first shell, it will have 5 electrons left in its outermost shell. For it to become a noble gas, it will need to gain 3 electrons in its outermost shell to achieve the maximum of 8 electrons
C. The element Argon from the periodic table is a noble gas with atomic number of 18 and from the definition of the octet rule, it doesn't require more electrons in it's outermost shell.
D. The element Boron from the periodic table has an atomic number of 5. This means that after the first shell, it will have 3 electrons left in its outermost shell. For it to become a noble gas, it will need to gain 5 electrons in its outermost shell to achieve the maximum of 8 electrons
Thus, the correct answer is Nitrogen which is Option B.
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