This question involves the concepts of the relative motion and the change in position of an object with respect to a certain frame of reference.
The statement that explains why the dog appears to not change position is "The dog is running at the same speed as Val and in the same direction as Val's direction".
In a relative motion, the position of one object relative to the position of the other object depends upon the frame of reference considered. In this scenario, the frame of reference is Val, who is running at a certain speed. So if the position of the dog seems to be stationary with respect to Val, then the dog must be in the same state as the state of Val. This means the dog must also be running at the same speed as the speed of Val and in the same direction as the direction of motion of Val.
Learn more about relative motion here:
https://brainly.com/question/2131484?referrer=searchResults
