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Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface. Once a rock has been broken down, a process called erosion transports the bits of rock and minerals away. Weathering and erosion constantly change the rocky landscape of Earth. Weathering wears away exposed surfaces over time.

The effects of weathering disintegrate and alter mineral and rocks near or at the earth's surface. This shapes the earth's surface through such processes as wind and rain erosion or cracks caused by freezing and thawing. Each process has a distinct effect on rocks and minerals. Mechanical weathering increases the rate of chemical weathering. As rock breaks into smaller pieces, the surface area of the pieces increases Figure below. With more surfaces exposed, there are more surfaces on which chemical weathering can occur. Mechanical weathering may increase the rate of chemical weathering.

Weathering, erosion, and deposition are processes that act together to wear down and build up the Earth's surface. These processes have occurred over billions of years. Weathering is any process that breaks down rocks and creates sediments. Weathering causes the disintegration of rock near the surface of the earth. Plant and animal life, atmosphere and water are the major causes of weathering. Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice.