Energy inputs, outputs and losses are summarized below:
In this question we must apply the definition of the principle of energy conservation to each case, understanding what kind of energy inputs ([tex]E_{in}[/tex]) and outputs exists ([tex]E_{out}[/tex], [tex]E_{loss}[/tex]).
We proceed to apply a simplified scheme, on the assumption that each system works at steady state, in which we shall construct each answer:
[tex]E_{in} - E_{out} - E_{l} = 0[/tex] (1)
Where:
Now we proceed to summarize the inputs, outputs and losses for each case:
Input - Chemical energy (battery)/Output - Luminous energy (screen)/Losses - Hystheresis-related dissipation (battery)
Input - Fluid energy (fuel), heat (ignition)/Output - Translational mechanical energy (Buoyancy force)/Losses - Waste energy (smog)
Input - Translational mechanical energy (water flow)/Output - Rotational mechanical energy (wheel)/Losses - Friction-related work (bearings, etc)
Input - Electric energy (current)/Output - Translational and rotational mechanical energy (wind)/Losses - Power dissipation (AC engine/cables), drag-related work (interaction between air and fan)
Input - Translational and rotational mechanical energy (arm)/Output - Translational mechanical energy (ball)/Losses - Friction-related work (Human body, interactions between player and ball), drag-related work (interactions between ball and air)
Input - Fluid energy (fuel), heat (ignition)/Output - Translational and rotational mechanical energy (motorcycle and driver)/Losses - Waste energy (smog), friction-related work (interaction between tires and ground) and drag-related work (interactions between driver, motorcycle and surrounding air)
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Answer:
Energy inputs, outputs and losses are summarized below:
Input - Chemical energy/Output - Luminous energy/Losses - Hystheresis-related dissipation.
Input - Fluid energy, heat/Output - Translational mechanical energy/Losses - Waste energy.
Input - Translational mechanical energy/Output - Rotational mechanical energy/Losses - Friction-related work.
Input - Electric energy/Output - Translational and rotational mechanical energy/Losses - Power dissipation, drag-related work.
Input - Translational and rotational mechanical energy/Output - Translational mechanical energy/Losses - Friction-related work, drag-related work.
Input - Fluid energy, heat/Output - Translational and rotational mechanical energy/Losses - Waste energy, friction-related work and drag-related work.
Procedure - Application of the principle of energy conservation
Introduction
In this question we must apply the definition of the principle of energy conservation to each case, understanding what kind of energy inputs () and outputs exists (, ).
We proceed to apply a simplified scheme, on the assumption that each system works at steady state, in which we shall construct each answer:
(1)
Where:
- Energy input.
- Energy output.
- Energy losses.
Case analysis
Now we proceed to summarize the inputs, outputs and losses for each case:
Flashlight
Input - Chemical energy (battery)/Output - Luminous energy (screen)/Losses - Hystheresis-related dissipation (battery)
Hot air balloon
Input - Fluid energy (fuel), heat (ignition)/Output - Translational mechanical energy (Buoyancy force)/Losses - Waste energy (smog)
Water wheel
Input - Translational mechanical energy (water flow)/Output - Rotational mechanical energy (wheel)/Losses - Friction-related work (bearings, etc)
Fan
Input - Electric energy (current)/Output - Translational and rotational mechanical energy (wind)/Losses - Power dissipation (AC engine/cables), drag-related work (interaction between air and fan)
Hitting a golf ball
Input - Translational and rotational mechanical energy (arm)/Output - Translational mechanical energy (ball)/Losses - Friction-related work (Human body, interactions between player and ball), drag-related work (interactions between ball and air)
Motorcycle
Input - Fluid energy (fuel), heat (ignition)/Output - Translational and rotational mechanical energy (motorcycle and driver)/Losses - Waste energy (smog), friction-related work (interaction between tires and ground) and drag-related work (interactions between driver, motorcycle and surrounding air)
