What held the polis together was the Greek civilization, and the Roman Empire and their separation was due to modernity.
Polis is a term to refer to the independent city-states that existed in ancient Greece. Its origin dates back to the Dark Ages, when a group of urban centers came together to form a state.
Later, around the 7th century BC, the polis were characterized by the unification between the urban nucleus and its rural environment, which allowed the expansion of Greek civilization until the Hellenistic period and Roman domination.
Under Roman rule the polis was disfigured and transformed into the cities of the Roman empire, now much more urbanized and with different characteristics. Once the Roman empire ends, these cities would be the foundation for modern cities.
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