The 1918 federal law that imposed stiff penalties on anyone convicted of "disloyal, profane…or abusive language" about the government, the constitution, the flag, or the military was the sedition Act.
In general terms, an act means action. However, in a political context, an act means legislation that is passed by the government of the country. It becomes the law of the land and not following an act becomes a crime.
Thus, the Sedition Act of 1918 was a federal law that harshly punished anyone found guilty of using "disloyal, profane...or abusive language" in reference to the federal government, the constitution, the flag, or the armed forces.
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