Tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) class is most closely linked with anticholinergic side effects.
Amitriptyline, amoxapine, clomipramine and protriptyline are Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) that are used to treat chronic pain. Amitriptyline and nortriptyline among these medications provide the most reassuring safety information during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
In vitro and in vivo, TCAs are powerful inhibitors of norepinephrine and/or serotonin reuptake. In addition, several TCAs are known to block sodium, calcium, alpha-1 adrenoceptors, histamine (H1) receptors, and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Thought to be responsible for their unfavourable anticholinergic, antihistaminergic, and cardiotoxic side effects rather than their antidepressant effects, these neurotransmitter receptor actions.
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