When glucose levels are low, cAMP is produced. The cAMP connects to CAP, letting it bind DNA. CAP permits RNA polymerase fix to the promoter, resulting in high levels of transcription.
When the concentration of intracellular glucose is low (upper panel), the classes of the signal molecule cAMP are high. cAMP readily binds with CAP, and the CAP-cAMP complex binds DNA at a standing upstream of the lac operon.
Once the glucose is used completely, the adenylate cyclase is not inhibited anymore and thus can produce cAMP, which constructs a complex with the catabolite activator protein (CAP) and thus permits the transcription of the lac operon.
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