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The division of productive activities among persons and regions so that no one individual or area is totally self-sufficient is known as specialization.

Specialization is a business technique used to concentrate on producing a very narrow range of goods or services in order to achieve maximum productivity, subject-matter knowledge, and industry leadership. Specialization used businesses claim to get higher returns on their investments. Specialization is the antithesis of diversification, which is when a business expands outside of its primary business. Regions of a nation or even entire countries may be considered specializations. Many nations worldwide focus on producing or providing services that are unique to their region while importing other products and services.

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