a client with chronic asthma is experiencing a severe asthma attack and is becoming increasingly agitated. the nurse supports the client's ability to move more air in and out of the lungs by instructing the client to stabilize his accessory muscles. the nurse understands that by stabilizing the accessory muscles, the:

Accessory muscles assist ventilation by elevating the ribs and the sternum, which enlarges the chest cavity allowing more air to flow in. To stabilize the accessory muscles, the client should brace his shoulders by pressing down on a hard surface along with putting his head back to engage the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

What are sternocleidomastoid muscles?

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) is a paired superficial muscle in the front region of the neck (synonym musculus sternocleidomastoideus). An important marker in the neck that separates it into an anterior and a posterior triangle is the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Headaches and soreness in the neck might result from sternocleidomastoid pain. Trigger points on the front or side of the neck may be noticeable by someone with sternocleidomastoid discomfort. However, this muscle's pain frequently spreads, resulting in the ear, eye, or sinus discomfort.

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