Bark consist of secondary phloem, cork cambium and cork (c).
Bark is the outermost part of stems and roots of woody plants such as trees. It provides significant support and protection from many form of damages.
As woody plants grow, they will grow by adding cells to the internal layers. Since the vascular cambium is the main growth layer in woody plants, addition of cell layers to the inside ring of vascular cambium cause the outside is pushed outward. It will forms another part named bark.
Bark consist of tissues outside the vascular cambium. The inner bark is composed of living tissues, secondary phloem.There is also cork cambium which develops and forms cork cells. This cells push the old secondary phloem outward and eventually die and slough off. All tissues outside the cork cambium constitute the outer bark, including the nonfunctional phloem and cork cells. Thus the outer bark is made up of dead tissue.
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