ATP synthase beta subunit assumes 3 distinct conformations within the protein complex, conformation that is expected to be present at the beginning of the catalytic cycle is : beta ADP.
ATP synthase consists of three α- and three β- subunits. All of them can bind nucleotides but only β-subunits can take part in the reactions. F₀ is a cylindrical structure that capable of rotation when driven by translocated protons and linked to a central stalk that can revolve inside F1.
The alpha- and beta-subunits of membrane-bound ATP synthase complex bind ATP and ADP where beta contributes to catalytic sites and alpha is involved in regulation of ATP synthase activity.
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